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Cocaine Paraphernalia
and Doses
(Lines) |
Crack Cocaine |
Homemade Crack
Smoking
Pipes | |
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| Synonyms:
Methyl Benzoylecgonine |
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| Drug Class:
CNS
Stimulant, Local
Anesthetic |
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| Street
Names: Blow, Coke, Flake, Nose Candy, Powder, Rock, Shale,
Snow, Toot, White |
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| Cocaine
Doses: Bumps, Lines |
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| Description: Cocaine is a potent, naturally
occurring central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. It is derived from
the leaves of the coca plant, found primarily in various regions of
South America. Cocaine is a powerfully addictive drug of abuse. Once
having tried cocaine, the typical user cannot predict or control the
extent to which he or she will continue to use the drug. The major
routes of administration are sniffing, injecting, and smoking
(including free-base and crack cocaine). Powdered cocaine is
typically sniffed through the nose, where it is absorbed into the
bloodstream through the nasal tissues. For this purpose, users
typically roll a dollar bill into the form of a straw or cut a
plastic straw into small segments. A razor blade and small mirror
might be used to chop the drug into single doses known as "lines".
(See picture above.) When injected, the drug is released directly
into the bloodstream. Smoking involves inhaling cocaine vapor or
smoke into the lungs where absorption into the bloodstream is as
rapid as by injection. |
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| Excretion:
In the 24-hour urine, approximately 35% to 54% of a cocaine dose is
excreted as benzoylecgonine, 32% to 49% as ecgonine methyl ester, 1%
to 9% as unchanged cocaine, and an unquantified amount as ecgonine.
Cocaines primary urinary metabolite, benzoylecgonine, is the target
compound for most types of cocaine urine screen
tests. |
| Drug Class:
CNS
Stimulant |
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| Street
Names: Crack, Free-base, Rock |
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| Description: "Crack" is the street name given to
cocaine that has been processed from street cocaine to a free base
for smoking. Crack cocaine is processed with ammonia or sodium
bicarbonate (baking soda) and water and heated to remove the
hydrochloride, thus producing a form of cocaine that can be smoked.
The term "crack" refers to the crackling sound heard when the
mixture is smoked (heated), presumably from the sodium bicarbonate.
Smoking allows extremely high doses of cocaine to reach the brain
very quickly and brings an intense and immediate high. It appears
that compulsive cocaine use may develop even more rapidly if the
substance is smoked rather than sniffed. |
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| Excretion:
See Cocaine above. |
| Baselt, Randall C., and
Robert H. Cravey. Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in
Man. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc.,
1989. |
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| Drug Photos from the
IPRC Website. Indiana Prevention Resource Center. 07 Sept. 2001
<http://www.drugs.indiana.edu/prevention/iprcpics.html>. |
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| NIDA Infofax 13546 -
Crack and Cocaine. National Institute on Drug Abuse. 07 Sept.
2001
<http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofax/cocaine.html>. |
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| South Coast Drug
Information - Image Gallery. 07 Sept. 2001
<http://telcom.coos.k12.or.us/drugs/images.htm>. |
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